智库外宣|进博会特辑 赵蓓文:强化上海在构建“双循环”格局中的国内国际开放枢纽门户功能

作者:发布时间:2020-11-12点击率:101



【编者按】为发挥我院国家高端智库的优势和特长,做好第三届中国国际进口博览会学术外宣工作,院党委宣传部(院科研成果传播办公室)与中共上海市委对外宣传办公室对外宣传处联合举办第三届中国国际进口博览会主题专家视点征文活动。入选稿件由上海市人民政府新闻办公室“感知上海”网站刊登,我院“智库外宣|进博会特辑”同步推送。


习近平总书记在全国两会期间提出,逐步形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局,培育新形势下我国参与国际合作和竞争新优势。在这一要求下,如何强化“四大功能”,依托进博会、自贸区、新片区等平台,长三角一体化的国家战略,进一步强化上海在构建“双循环”格局中的国内国际开放枢纽门户功能,将成为上海培育新形势下我国参与国际合作和竞争新优势的重要途径。

一、进博会:衔接国内国外两大市场的新桥梁

国际国内要素流动的枢纽功能,是上海城市核心竞争力的重要构成。在全球化新格局背景下,这种枢纽功能,不仅表现为上海对货物、服务出口的承载能力,更表现在上海这座特大型城市对于中国开放型经济的保障能力以及国际经济协调机制的配合能力。上海应通过进博会的举办,形成对新一轮国际金融、贸易、投资的服务能力,提高上海促进国际国内要素流动的枢纽服务功能,进一步发挥上海在全国建设更高水平开放型经济新体制中的重要窗口功能

上海应借助进博会的举办,优化上海营商环境,吸引更多跨国公司落户上海,并为更多本土跨国公司提供到“一带一路”沿线国家对外投资的可能;促进中国由出口战略向进出口平衡战略的转变;从主要面向发达国家出口转向同时面对发达国家和“一带一路”沿线国家的进出口平衡布局;以进博会为抓手,加快打造上海金融、贸易、航运的开放枢纽优势,提高“一带一路”与上海“五个中心”的开放联动,使进博会真正成为衔接国内国外两大市场的新桥梁。

二、虹桥论坛:理论、媒体和智库论坛的三合一

作为进博会的一大亮点,虹桥国际经贸论坛提供了从理论到实践,汇聚各界专家学者共同商讨进博会、讨论国内国际双循环相互促进新发展格局下上海如何打造国际开放枢纽的理论和政策协同新高地,是衔接国内国外两大市场的理论桥梁。论坛形式的不断创新,在理论研究上进一步体现了上海制度创新的积极探索。

虹桥国际经贸论坛的召开,有利于上海通过进博会这一平台推动理论、媒体、智库之间的互动交流。用好虹桥国际经贸论坛理论、媒体、智库三合一的复合功能,将为上海进一步完善国内国际双循环中的战略链接功能提供条件,也是上海构建理论与政策协同创新的又一新平台。

三、自贸区:服务国家“一带一路”建设的桥头堡

当今世界面临百年未有之大变局,全球经济格局发生重大变化。面对全球政治经济新形势,中国的对外开放必须从商品要素流动型开放向规则等制度型开放转变。中美第一阶段经贸协议的签署表明中国进一步扩大开放、对标国际最高标准进行制度型开放的立场。这一协议的贯彻落实要求中国多层次、多领域的体制机制建设。因此,总书记讲的“四个放在”是我们思考上海在双循环新发展格局下将上海打造成为国内大循环的中心节点、国内国际双循环的战略链接的重要方法。如何在“变与不变”之中加强体制机制建设将成为双循环下上海经济社会发展的重要主题之一。

自贸试验区不仅是中国“前所未有的自我开放”,而且是中国探索制度型开放的窗口。将“一带一路”建设和上海自贸区建设相联接,使上海自由贸易试验区真正成为服务国家“一带一路”建设的桥头堡,成为中国与“一带一路”沿线国家共商、共建、共享的重要载体,将促进上海国内国际双循环战略链接功能的进一步发挥!

四、“两翼腾飞”:上海国内国际开放枢纽门户功能的重要实践

目前,上海正在积极建设卓越的全球城市,上海“五个中心”建设与金融业开放、投资贸易开放密切相关。临港新片区成立以来,积极试验国际经贸规则,推动落实“特殊支持政策50条”,加快设立洋山特殊综合保税区,营造良好的营商环境,为上海开放枢纽门户功能的打造提供了一块重要的“试验田”。

同时,长三角一体化示范区和自贸试验区临港新片区是习近平总书记亲自为上海新一轮发展腾飞插上的两只翅膀,“两翼腾飞”为上海国际开放枢纽门户功能的打造提供了重要的实践。

充分利用上海自贸区临港新片区先行先试的制度优势,实现国内国际双循环的良性互动,将使全国的金融、贸易、投资实现“双循环”下的协同发展,开放优势得到进一步体现。

长三角一体化示范区和自贸试验区新片区的“两翼腾飞”,将成为上海国内国际开放枢纽门户功能的重要实践!

五、开放型经济:以高水平对外开放促进国内国际双循环的形成

一是以“转”应“变”,在防疫抗疫的过程中,探索开放型经济新体制建设中上海的新发展机遇。从浦东开发开放到“三大任务一大平台”,上海始终在国家大战略中承担了重要使命。“十四五”期间,上海必须以更高水平对外开放来应对全球经济的新变化,加快上海“五大中心”建设的协同发展,实践上海对内对外协同发展的功能“转型”。

二是以“内”促“外”,在实施长三角一体化战略的过程中,紧扣一体化和高质量两个关键词,打破行政壁垒、提高政策协同,推进一极三区一高地建设。推进产业在不同城市之间的梯度发展和转移,加快上海产业结构转型升级。以推动高端制造业和现代服务业发展为目标,发挥上海在长三角地区的龙头作用,积极引领长三角一体化战略在示范区、中心区、全域三个空间层次的实践和发展。

三是“内”“外”协同。上海不仅要继续发挥在国家履行对外义务中承担制度型创新的探索责任;同时,作为“一带一路”沿线的重点城市之一,上海更需要进一步发挥“一带一路”桥头堡的作用,在投资、贸易、金融、科技等领域的战略互动中,推动城市合作与内外开放的协同发展。

(赵蓓文,上海社会科学院世界经济研究所副所长、研究员


International Markets in Forming a New Development Pattern

During the NPC and CPPCC, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed to gradually form a new development pattern whereby domestic and foreign markets can boost each other, with the domestic market as the mainstay, and develop new advantages for China in international cooperation and competition under new situations. Here are some important ways to fulfill the requirement. We need to strengthen the “four major functions”, rely on platforms such as the China International Import Expo, free trade zone, and new area, and national policy of integrated regional development in the Yangtze River Delta, and further improve Shanghai’s role as an important open hub for the domestic and international markets in forming a new development pattern.

1. China International Import Expo (CIIE): a new bridge connecting the domestic and international markets

A key part of Shanghai’s core competitiveness lies in its function as a hub in the flow of international and domestic factors. Amidst the new development of globalization, this function is manifested not only in Shanghai’s strong capacity to handle exports of many goods and services, but also in its abilities to protect China’s open economy and work with international economic coordination mechanisms. It’s necessary for Shanghai to develop the ability to provide services for the new round of international finance, trade, and investment through the CIIE, improve Shanghai’s role as a hub in promoting the flow of international and domestic factors, and give full play to its role as an important window in the endeavor to build an open economic mechanism at a higher level.

It’s imperative for Shanghai to take the opportunity of holding the CIIE to optimize the business environment in Shanghai, attract more multinational companies to settle in Shanghai, and provide more chances for local multinational companies to make investments in countries along the “Belt and Road”; to promote China’s transformation from export-led growth to development featuring the balance between imports and exports; to shift from taking developed countries as export destinations to balancing imports and exports of both developed countries and countries along the “Belt and Road”; to use the CIIE as a starting point to accelerate creating advantages for Shanghai as an open hub in finance, trade and shipping, and to forge greater synergy between the “Belt and Road” Initiative and Shanghai’s efforts to build “five centers”, so that the CIIE will truly become a new bridge connecting the domestic and international markets.

2. Hongqiao International Economic and Trade Forum: a platform integrating theories, media and think tanks

As one of the highlights at the CIIE, the Hongqiao International Economic and Trade Forum is a theoretical bridge connecting the domestic and international markets. It provides theories and practices by bringing together experts and scholars from all walks of life to discuss the CIIE and how Shanghai will create a highland of coordination between policies and theories regarding an international open hub under the new development pattern with the domestic and international markets boosting each other. The continuous innovation of the forum in its form further reflects the active exploration made by Shanghai in institutional innovation in terms of theoretical research.

The holding of the Forum can help Shanghai promote interactions and exchanges among theories, media and think tanks through the platform of the CIIE. Making good use of Forum’s function as a platform integrating theories, media, and think tanks will help Shanghai further improve its role as a strategic link in the domestic and international markets. Besides, the Forum is a new platform for Shanghai to make collaborative innovations of theories and policies.

3. Free trade zone: a bridgehead serving the “Belt and Road” Initiative

The world today is undergoing tremendous changes unseen in a century, and the global economic structure has also experienced major changes. Faced with new situations in global politics and economy, China has to shift from relying on flows of goods and factors of production to basing on rules and related institutions in its opening up. The first phase of the Sino-US economic and trade agreement was signed, which shows that China is willing to further open up to the outside world and benchmark the highest international standards in exercising institution-based opening up. The implementation of the agreement requires China to establish systems and mechanisms at many levels and in multiple fields. Therefore, the “four requirements for Shanghai” put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping point out important directions for us to consider how to build Shanghai into a center in the domestic market and a strategic link between the domestic and international markets under the new development pattern. Besides, how to improve systems and mechanisms while taking into account the “changes that should be made and aspects that should be adhered to” will become one of the important themes for Shanghai’s economic and social development under the new development pattern.

The pilot free trade zone not only represents China’s “unprecedented opening up”, but also is a window for it to explore institution-based opening up. It’s crucial to align the construction of the “Belt and Road” Initiative with that of Shanghai Free Trade Zone to make the Pilot Free Trade Zone truly become a bridgehead serving the “Belt and Road” Initiative, and a platform for China and the countries along the “Belt and Road” to conduct consultation and cooperation for shared benefits, which will promote the further development of Shanghai’s role as a strategic link in the domestic and international markets.

4. “Two wings to soar”: an important practice in playing Shanghai’s function as an open hub in the domestic and international markets

Currently, Shanghai is making active efforts to build itself into an excellent global city. Its efforts to build “five centers” are closely related to the opening of the financial industry, investment and trade. Since its inception, the Lingang New Area  has been committed to testing international economic and trade rules, promoting the implementation of the “50 special support policies”, accelerating the establishment of the Yangshan Special Comprehensive Bonded Zone, and creating a good business environment, so as to provide an important “experimental field” to play Shangha’s function as an open hub.

Meanwhile, the Yangtze River Delta Integrated Development Demonstration Zone and the Lingang New Area of the Pilot Free Trade Zone are the two wings that General Secretary Xi Jinping personally gave to Shanghai in its new round of development. The “two wings to soar” provide important practices for the efforts to build Shanghai into an international open hub.

It’s crucial to make full use of the system advantages of being the first to try new policies of the Lingang New Area of Shanghai Free Trade Zone, and achieve benign interaction between the domestic and international markets, which will enable coordinated development of China’s finance, trade, and investment under the new development pattern, and further demonstrate the advantages of opening up.

The “two wings to soar” of the Yangtze River Delta Integrated Development Demonstration Zone and the Free Trade Zone will become an important practice in playing Shanghai’s function as an open hub for the domestic and international markets.

5. Open economy: promote the formation of the development pattern with the domestic and international markets boosting each other with a high level of opening up

First, we should face changes through transformation and explore new development opportunities for Shanghai in exploring the establishment of a new open economic system in the fight against the pandemic. From the development and opening up of Pudong to the “three major tasks and one large platform”, Shanghai has always undertaken important missions in implementing national policies. During the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, it’s necessary for Shanghai to open to the outside world at a higher level to deal with the new changes in the global economy, accelerate the coordinated development in the construction of “five centers”, and achieve function transformation of Shanghai’s coordinated internal and external development.

Second, we should promote external development through pursuing internal development. In the process of pursuing integrated development in Yangtze River Delta, we should focus on the two keywords of integration and high quality, break administrative barriers, improve policy coordination, and promote the construction of “one growth pole, three zones and one highland”. We should facilitate the gradient development and transfer of industries among different cities, and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of Shanghai’s industrial structure. To achieve the goal of promoting the development of high-end manufacturing and modern service industries, Shanghai will play a leading role in the Yangtze River Delta region, and actively lead the practice and development of the policy of integrated regional development in the Yangtze River Delta in the demonstration area, central area, and the whole region.

Third, we should pursue coordinated internal and external development. Shanghai needs to continue to fulfill its responsibilities of exploring institutional innovation in the process of China performing external obligations. Meanwhile, as one of the key cities along the “Belt and Road”, it needs to further play its role as the bridgehead in the “Belt and Road” Initiative and promote coordinated development of urban cooperation and internal and external opening in the strategic interactions in the fields of investment, trade, finance and technology.