【编者按】为发挥我院国家高端智库的优势和特长，做好第三届中国国际进口博览会学术外宣工作，院党委宣传部（院科研成果传播办公室）与中共上海市委对外宣传办公室对外宣传处联合举办第三届中国国际进口博览会主题专家视点征文活动。入选稿件由上海市人民政府新闻办公室“感知上海”网站刊登，我院“智库外宣|进博会特辑”同步推送。
2020年第三届中国国际进口博览会（简称进博会）即将举行。进博会的举办不仅体现了中国正在从生产大国转变为贸易大国，也充分展现了在当今环境下中国责任担当，锐意进取的一种国际形象。面对目前经济全球化发展出现的各类新挑战，包括金砖国家在内越来越多的发展中国家愿意与中国一道在全球经济治理体系改革中探索方案，为人类社会和谐发展贡献一份力量。
近年来，中国与金砖其他四国间经贸额持续扩大，相互依存度进一步提升。根据中国海关总署2019年统计数据，中国与俄罗斯、印度、巴西、南非双边货物进出口额相比2018年全部实现了正增长。这在逆全球化杂音甚嚣尘上和国际市场需求端明显疲软背景下，金砖合作取得如此成绩实属不易。而据商务部最新统计，从全球范围来看目前中国进出口额度已占世界的30%-40%左右，上海则已经成为全球重要的资源配置中心，在国内国际进行重要资源配置的能力稳步上升。上海是目前国内资本市场平台最集中完善的地区，已建立起包括银行间外汇市场、债券市场、股票市场、黄金市场、商品期货市场、金融期货市场等在内的种类比较完备的金融市场体系。
在上海举办的2019第二届进博会上，金砖国家经济“成色”浓浓，经贸合作潜力巨大可见一斑。印度企业带来的檀香、纺织品，俄罗斯的珠宝，巴西的牛肉、咖啡等都吸引了大批中国采购商和专业观众。不少参展外企都表示感受到了前所未有的巨大商机，无论是现场售卖还是寻找中国代理商，认为在上海进博会上的收获都远超预期。值得注意的是，金砖国家参展企业这两年更多集中在食品、农产品、手工制品等领域，这似乎也从一个侧面反映出金砖国家经贸合作的水平和层次仍有很大提升空间。
借助进博会平台，推动金砖合作开辟新局面。从合作成效看，进博会已经成为金砖国家进行合作的一个重要平台。金砖国家今后有必要进一步巩固和拓展合作领域，引领世界科技发展潮流和展现责任担当。一方面，金砖国家可具体围绕贸易与投资、制造业与矿产加工、农业合作、医药卫生、数字科技创新、金融治理等领域进一步提升合作水平和层次，推动取得新的务实成果。另一方面，当前贸易保护主义有所抬头，世界经济下行压力加大，位于产业链中低端的发展中国家和最不发达国家最易受到冲击。金砖国家也可通过加强全球重大议题立场协调，多发代表发展中国家利益的声音，向世界展示推进金砖机制发展和维护多边主义的决心，应对人类共同面临的风险和挑战。
借助进博会平台，引领金砖关系迈向新高度。在单边主义、贸易保护主义不断抬头的挑战下，人们期待通过上海进博会平台，金砖国家间增进彼此了解和相互尊重重大利益关切，实现共赢。多年来，包括中国在内的金砖国家秉持国际公平正义，在涉及气候谈判、国际金融制度改革、应对贫困等重大国际和地区问题上，站在新兴市场国家的立场上探讨可行思路，但金砖国家目前还没有形成一种组织性、高度制度化的合作机制。不同文明背景下，松散的合作机制使金砖各国之间本身存在的问题与矛盾并没有在金砖平台得到有效沟通与化解。而进博会平台，可创造机会让金砖国家在经贸活动参与中进行进一步互动，克服内部存在的文化性差异，避免认知偏见和短视行为发生，最终促成互利共赢局面出现。
借助进博会平台，为世界文明交流互鉴贡献金砖智慧。文明因多样而交流，因交流而互鉴，也因互鉴而发展。世界文明的魅力在于多姿多彩，人类进步的要义在于互学互鉴。在当前世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，国际形势不稳定性不确定性更加突出，全球新冠肺炎疫情给国际合作交流带来前所未有冲击背景下。应对人类共同挑战，构建人类命运共同体，迫切需要不同文明间凝聚共识，需要在各种文明的互鉴欣赏中获得智慧和方法。而金砖国家间不同的文化传承和对人类美好未来共同的期望，通过人文活动举办不仅为金砖国家间人民情感培育、心灵沟通提供了源源不断的精神滋养与智力支持，也向世界有力展示了不同文明间可以和平共处和相得益彰。虽然金砖国家间在具体跨文化项目合作、民族艺术发展等方面还存在一些分歧，金砖国家在探索促进人类文明传承发展的路径上经验还不是很足，但正如习近平主席出席首届中国国际进口博览会开幕式发表主旨演讲所提的，“一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园”，“包容普惠、互利共赢才是越走越宽的人间正道”。
作者：刘锦前 上海社会科学院国际问题研究所 助理研究员 博士
The upcoming 3rd China International Import Expo (CIIE) in 2020 not only shows that China is transforming from a big producer to a major trade power, but also fully demonstrates China’s international image as a responsible country forging ahead in today’s environment. Facing various new challenges in the development of economic globalization, more and more developing countries, including the BRICS countries, are willing to work with China to explore solutions in the reform of the global economic governance system, and contribute to the harmonious development of human society.
In recent years, as the trade volume between China and the other four BRICS countries continued to expand, their are increasingly interdependent on each other. According to the statistics of the General Administration of Customs of China in 2019, the bilateral imports and exports of goods between China and Russia, India, Brazil, South Africa all showed positive growth compared with 2018. Such results in BRICS cooperation were hardly won under the background of rising anti-globalization and weakening demands in the international market. According to the latest statistics from the Ministry of Commerce, from a global perspective, China’s imports and exports currently account for about 30% to 40% of the world’s total. Shanghai has become an important resource allocation center in the world, with its ability to allocate important resources at home and abroad increasing steadily. As the region with the most centralized and complete capital market platforms in China now, it has established a relatively complete financial market system including the inter-bank foreign exchange market, bond market, stock market, gold market, commodity futures market and financial futures market.
At the Second China International Import Expo held in Shanghai in 2019, the BRICS countries shared their economic achievements, demonstrating huge potential for economic and trade cooperation. The sandalwood and textiles from India, jewelry from Russia, and beef and coffee from Brazil attracted a large number of Chinese buyers and professional visitors. Many foreign enterprises participating in the Expo said that they had seen unprecedented business opportunities. Be it on-site sales or looking for Chinese agents, they believed that their gains at the CIIE had far exceeded expectations. It is worth noting that in the past two years, the exhibitors from the BRICS countries were mainly engaged in the fields of food, agricultural products, hand-made products, etc., which seems to indirectly reflect that there remains much room for improvement in terms of the depth and level of economic and trade cooperation among BRICS countries.
The CIIE platform can be used to open up a new situation in BRICS cooperation. In terms of cooperation results, the CIIE has become an important platform for BRICS cooperation. The BRICS countries need to further consolidate and expand cooperation in the future, lead technology trends and fulfill their responsibilities. On one hand, they can further improve the depth and level of cooperation in fields such as trade and investment, manufacturing and mineral processing, agricultural cooperation, medicine and health, digital technology innovation and financial governance, so as to produce new practical results. On the other, developing countries and least developed countries situated at the low end of the industrial chain are most vulnerable to the shocks brought by rising trade protectionism and increasing downward pressure on the world economy. The BRICS countries can also strengthen coordination of their positions on major global issues, make more voices representing the interests of developing countries, and show the world their determination to advance the development of the BRICS mechanism and uphold multilateralism, so as to deal with the risks and challenges faced by mankind.
The CIIE platform can be leveraged to lead the BRICS relations to new heights. Faced with the challenges of rising unilateralism and trade protectionism, it’s expected that the BRICS countries will enhance mutual understanding, respect each other’s major interests and concerns, and achieve a win-win situation through the CIIE platform. For many years, the BRICS countries including China have been upholding international fairness and justice, and have discussed feasible solutions for major international and regional issues involving climate negotiations, reform of the international financial system, and poverty alleviation from the standpoint of emerging market countries. However, they have not formed an organized and highly institutionalized cooperation mechanism. Under the background of different civilizations, the loose cooperation mechanism makes it difficult for them to effectively discuss and resolve problems and contradictions among them on the BRICS platform. The CIIE platform can create opportunities for them to further interact with each other during economic and trade activities, overcome cultural differences, avoid cognitive biases and short-sightedness, and ultimately achieve a mutually beneficial, win-win situation.
The CIIE platform can be utilized to contribute BRICS wisdom to the exchanges and mutual learning of different civilizations. Diversified civilizations make it necessary for us to have exchanges and mutual learning, which will contribute to the development of civilizations. The charm of world civilization lies in its diversity, and the key to human progress lies in mutual learning. In the world today, the evolution of major changes unseen in a century has accelerated, the destabilizing factors and uncertainties in the international situation have become more prominent, and the novel coronavirus pneumonia pandemic has brought unprecedented impacts to international cooperation and exchanges. To meet the common challenges of mankind and build a community with a shared future for mankind, it’s urgent for us to build consensus among different civilizations, and gain wisdom and methods from the mutual learning and appreciation of various civilizations. The different cultural heritages of the BRICS countries and their common expectation for a better future for mankind can not only provide continuous spiritual nourishment and intellectual support for the peoples to establish emotional bonds and a communication bridge of souls through cultural activities, but also demonstrate to the world that different civilizations can coexist peacefully and complement each other. The BRICS countries still have differences in the cooperation of specific cross-cultural projects, national art development, etc., and don’t have enough experience in exploring ways to promote the inheritance and development of human civilization. However, just as President Xi Jinping said in his keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the First China International Import Expo that a single flower does not make spring, while one hundred flowers in full blossom bring spring to the garden, and that pursuing inclusive growth, mutual benefit and win-win results is surely the right way forward.
(Dr. Liu Jinqian, Associate Research Fellow, Institute of International Relations, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences)